Regulation and Homeostatic Impact of Cyclic AMP Levels: Balancing Act Between Excess and Deficiency
Abstract Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger involved in numerous physiological processes, including cellular metabolism, cardiac function, and neural signaling. Maintaining optimal cAMP levels is crucial for homeostasis, as both excess and deficiency can lead to pathological states. This review examines the mechanisms regulating cAMP concentration within cells and the consequences of…